際際滷

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Highly ConfidentialWTEIGETurning Sewage into Power or DieselApril, 2010
Key PointsProduces significant amounts of transportation fuel from almost worthless inputs:Sewage sludgeMunicipal solid waste (MSW) Low grade coal (lignite) Biomass WET-EIG provides best technology & develops the projectLower capital, operating, maintenance costs than competitorsModular from 12 to 600 tonnes/day feedstock Super low emissions, operates too cool to for CO or NOxBest in class @ 65%+ conversion efficiency 2
Disclaimer3This presentation (the Presentation) is being solely issued to those persons having professional experience in matters relating to investments and who are investment professionals as specified in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act  2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2001 (the Financial Promotions Order). THIS PRESENTATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CONFIDENTIAL AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED, CIRCULATED, DISTRIBUTED OR PUBLISHED (IN WHOLE OR IN PART) OR DISCLOSED BY RECIPIENTS TO ANY OTHER PARTY.The Presentation does not constitute or form any part of any offer or invitation to sell or issue or purchase or subscribe for any shares in Energy Invest Group (WET-EIG or the Company) nor shall the Presentation or any part of it, or the fact of its distribution, form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract with the Company relating to any securities. Any decision regarding any proposed subscription for shares in the Company must be made solely on the basis of document to be produced in due course. The Presentation is not intended to be distributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, or to any other class of persons. This document is being supplied to you solely for your information and may not be reproduced, forwarded to any other  person or published, in whole or in part, for any other purpose.No reliance may be placed for any purpose whatsoever on the information contained in this document or on its completeness. Any reliance on this document could potentially expose you to a significant risk of losing all of the property invested by you or incurring by you of additional liability. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is given by the Company, its Directors or employees, or their professional advisors as to the accuracy, fairness, sufficiency or completeness of the information, opinions or beliefs contained in this document.  No liability is accepted for any loss, cost or damage suffered or incurred as a result of the reliance on such information, opinions or beliefs.This document is exempt from the general restriction on the communication of invitation or inducements to enter into investment activity and has therefore not been approved by an authorised person as would otherwise be required by section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Any investment to which this document relates is available to (and any investment activity to which it relates will be engaged with) only to those persons described above. Persons who do not fall within this category of investors should not take any action upon this document, but should return it immediately to WET-EIG, 18b Charles Street, Mayfair, London W1J 5DU. It is a condition of your receiving this document that you fall within, and you warrant to the Company that you fall within, the category of person described above.If you are in any doubt about the investment to which this Presentation relate, you should consult a person authorised by the Financial Services Authority who specialises in advising on securities of the kind described in this document.
Process OverviewUltra-Clean GasifierSmall Scale FT ProcessWET-EIGs Technology4
Human Sludge ProcessingDewaterOriginally sewage is ~80% water, so de-water to ~40%Waste heat will reduce this to ~30% before entering gassifierGasify & CleanScrub away sulphur (H2S), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)Produce clean synthesis gas (CO and H2)Burn to generate electricity or condense into dieselGenerates ~1.2 MWhr/tonne of dewatered sludge, or Produces ~230 litres/tonne of dewatered sludge5
Technology BackgroundSince 1990 the Company has installed over 1000 low NOx burnersIt has set the Californias emissions standards 4 times, currently < 9ppm NOx, < 50ppm COFirst experience in gasification in Daoling, China in 1993Makes 24,000 gals/day of fuel from tyresPyrolizetyers at 400-450属C to make black oil suitable as coal substitute for power production, but not good for autos, more like light bunker fuel with ~0.4% sulfurBuilt a similar 12,000 g/d tyre plan in Nankang, Taiwan in 2000Produces a cleaner fueldItaly glass recycling plant Since 4yrs, 100 kg/hr, remove plastic & metals from auto glassHeat used for power generation to run the plant, though still in pilotLarger plant being designed at 500 kg/hr220 kg/hr plant in Oregon generates 265kW net powerHuman sludge plant in Los Angeles (Carson), demo plant @ 50 kg/hrHas led to orders for 4 plants at 1-10 ton/hour for Brazil, China, Malaysia, India6
Pyrolysis StepProcesses carbonaceous material, such as coal, wood chips or sewage sludge into carbon monoxide and hydrogen  (CO + H2)Partial vacuum  reduces oxygen content in the chamberReducing oxygen content reduces CO2 + SOX formationPatented burner system leads to lowest NOX emissions in the worldRotating feed column circulates coal in reactor over a period of time (30mins -55mins)Inert ash is collected at the base of the reactorIdeal feedstockWater content ~25%Increases hydrogen productionLow ash / high calorific conditionLow SulphurReduce cost of clean up stage7C + H2O -> H2 + CO
Low Temp GasifierTechnologyGasifies organic matter, coal or pet-coke at 750-1000 F to produce syngas (H2, CO and CO2) Syngas used to create synthetic diesel and other petroleum products  Remainder used to generate electricity for plantOperates too cool to for CO or NOx400-650属C (750-1200属F) vs 980-1650属C (1800-3000属F)12 proven units in the field operating various feedstockCoal, pet-coke, municipal solid waste (MSW), tires, plasticsAutomatic augur system removes slagLess maintenance, longer catalyst life8
Steam Reforming stepThe F-T process requires a ~2:1 hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratioMost coal types do not produce enough hydrogen Additional hydrogen is created in the reforming stepPyrolysis step also produces a large amount of methane, perfect for reforming with steamCH4 + H2O  3H2 + COCH4 + 2H2O  4H2 + CO2Depending on operating conditions either reaction 1 or 2 will be favoured. Reaction 2 generates more hydrogen but as a consequence generates  more CO2% gas composition after pyrolysis9
Fischer-Tropsch ProcessAs previously stated the H2 and CO must be fed into the reactor as 2:1 ratio to maximise conversion efficiencyAll sulphur and other contaminants must be removed to prevent poisoning the catalystThe process uses a floating bed reactor with a high boiling point fluid to transport the F-T catalyst Encourages mixing and reduce chance of carbon deposits on catalystThere are 2 types of catalyst WET-EIG Asia promotesIron OxideCheaper but more susceptible to pressure changes. Produces lighter hydrocarbon chainsCobaltProduces a constant stream of product not depending on pressure. Also catalyst tends to produce heavier compounds, ideal for refinery specificationReaction formula:10(2n+1) H2 + nCO -> CnH2n+2 + nH2O
50kg/hr Test Plant11In addition to sewage sludge, the company has gassified over 75 types of coal, a dozen different plastics, rubber, rail road ties, municipal solid waste, medical waste and biomass (rice straw, grass, wood chips, soy bean shells, switch grass), chicken manure, cow dung, etc.Test burn of synthesis gasBurner / GasifierFischer Tropsch UnitSynthetic Diesel
Sewage Sludge-to-Diesel Pilot Plant12Human sludge plant in Los Angeles (Carson), demo plant @ 100 kg/hourHas run 24 hours/day almost continuously since January, 2009Avoids $70/ton transport charge to San DiegoReduces volume by 92%, lose 1.8%, remaining residue (carbon/phosphorus) makes good fertilizerGive back surplus waterCurrently planning for 60 ton/hour plant for 3.5 million population of Long Beach and surrounding area
1,500 L/day modular plant132 pyrolysis units @ 遜 ton/ hr capacity
2 venturi scrubbers
Remove particulates
Cool syngas
1 gas compression unit
1 desulphurization unit
3 towers if sulphur content is over 1%
1 reforming step  hydrogen production
Steam injection

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  • 1. Highly ConfidentialWTEIGETurning Sewage into Power or DieselApril, 2010
  • 2. Key PointsProduces significant amounts of transportation fuel from almost worthless inputs:Sewage sludgeMunicipal solid waste (MSW) Low grade coal (lignite) Biomass WET-EIG provides best technology & develops the projectLower capital, operating, maintenance costs than competitorsModular from 12 to 600 tonnes/day feedstock Super low emissions, operates too cool to for CO or NOxBest in class @ 65%+ conversion efficiency 2
  • 3. Disclaimer3This presentation (the Presentation) is being solely issued to those persons having professional experience in matters relating to investments and who are investment professionals as specified in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2001 (the Financial Promotions Order). THIS PRESENTATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CONFIDENTIAL AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED, CIRCULATED, DISTRIBUTED OR PUBLISHED (IN WHOLE OR IN PART) OR DISCLOSED BY RECIPIENTS TO ANY OTHER PARTY.The Presentation does not constitute or form any part of any offer or invitation to sell or issue or purchase or subscribe for any shares in Energy Invest Group (WET-EIG or the Company) nor shall the Presentation or any part of it, or the fact of its distribution, form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract with the Company relating to any securities. Any decision regarding any proposed subscription for shares in the Company must be made solely on the basis of document to be produced in due course. The Presentation is not intended to be distributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, or to any other class of persons. This document is being supplied to you solely for your information and may not be reproduced, forwarded to any other person or published, in whole or in part, for any other purpose.No reliance may be placed for any purpose whatsoever on the information contained in this document or on its completeness. Any reliance on this document could potentially expose you to a significant risk of losing all of the property invested by you or incurring by you of additional liability. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is given by the Company, its Directors or employees, or their professional advisors as to the accuracy, fairness, sufficiency or completeness of the information, opinions or beliefs contained in this document. No liability is accepted for any loss, cost or damage suffered or incurred as a result of the reliance on such information, opinions or beliefs.This document is exempt from the general restriction on the communication of invitation or inducements to enter into investment activity and has therefore not been approved by an authorised person as would otherwise be required by section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Any investment to which this document relates is available to (and any investment activity to which it relates will be engaged with) only to those persons described above. Persons who do not fall within this category of investors should not take any action upon this document, but should return it immediately to WET-EIG, 18b Charles Street, Mayfair, London W1J 5DU. It is a condition of your receiving this document that you fall within, and you warrant to the Company that you fall within, the category of person described above.If you are in any doubt about the investment to which this Presentation relate, you should consult a person authorised by the Financial Services Authority who specialises in advising on securities of the kind described in this document.
  • 4. Process OverviewUltra-Clean GasifierSmall Scale FT ProcessWET-EIGs Technology4
  • 5. Human Sludge ProcessingDewaterOriginally sewage is ~80% water, so de-water to ~40%Waste heat will reduce this to ~30% before entering gassifierGasify & CleanScrub away sulphur (H2S), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)Produce clean synthesis gas (CO and H2)Burn to generate electricity or condense into dieselGenerates ~1.2 MWhr/tonne of dewatered sludge, or Produces ~230 litres/tonne of dewatered sludge5
  • 6. Technology BackgroundSince 1990 the Company has installed over 1000 low NOx burnersIt has set the Californias emissions standards 4 times, currently < 9ppm NOx, < 50ppm COFirst experience in gasification in Daoling, China in 1993Makes 24,000 gals/day of fuel from tyresPyrolizetyers at 400-450属C to make black oil suitable as coal substitute for power production, but not good for autos, more like light bunker fuel with ~0.4% sulfurBuilt a similar 12,000 g/d tyre plan in Nankang, Taiwan in 2000Produces a cleaner fueldItaly glass recycling plant Since 4yrs, 100 kg/hr, remove plastic & metals from auto glassHeat used for power generation to run the plant, though still in pilotLarger plant being designed at 500 kg/hr220 kg/hr plant in Oregon generates 265kW net powerHuman sludge plant in Los Angeles (Carson), demo plant @ 50 kg/hrHas led to orders for 4 plants at 1-10 ton/hour for Brazil, China, Malaysia, India6
  • 7. Pyrolysis StepProcesses carbonaceous material, such as coal, wood chips or sewage sludge into carbon monoxide and hydrogen (CO + H2)Partial vacuum reduces oxygen content in the chamberReducing oxygen content reduces CO2 + SOX formationPatented burner system leads to lowest NOX emissions in the worldRotating feed column circulates coal in reactor over a period of time (30mins -55mins)Inert ash is collected at the base of the reactorIdeal feedstockWater content ~25%Increases hydrogen productionLow ash / high calorific conditionLow SulphurReduce cost of clean up stage7C + H2O -> H2 + CO
  • 8. Low Temp GasifierTechnologyGasifies organic matter, coal or pet-coke at 750-1000 F to produce syngas (H2, CO and CO2) Syngas used to create synthetic diesel and other petroleum products Remainder used to generate electricity for plantOperates too cool to for CO or NOx400-650属C (750-1200属F) vs 980-1650属C (1800-3000属F)12 proven units in the field operating various feedstockCoal, pet-coke, municipal solid waste (MSW), tires, plasticsAutomatic augur system removes slagLess maintenance, longer catalyst life8
  • 9. Steam Reforming stepThe F-T process requires a ~2:1 hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratioMost coal types do not produce enough hydrogen Additional hydrogen is created in the reforming stepPyrolysis step also produces a large amount of methane, perfect for reforming with steamCH4 + H2O 3H2 + COCH4 + 2H2O 4H2 + CO2Depending on operating conditions either reaction 1 or 2 will be favoured. Reaction 2 generates more hydrogen but as a consequence generates more CO2% gas composition after pyrolysis9
  • 10. Fischer-Tropsch ProcessAs previously stated the H2 and CO must be fed into the reactor as 2:1 ratio to maximise conversion efficiencyAll sulphur and other contaminants must be removed to prevent poisoning the catalystThe process uses a floating bed reactor with a high boiling point fluid to transport the F-T catalyst Encourages mixing and reduce chance of carbon deposits on catalystThere are 2 types of catalyst WET-EIG Asia promotesIron OxideCheaper but more susceptible to pressure changes. Produces lighter hydrocarbon chainsCobaltProduces a constant stream of product not depending on pressure. Also catalyst tends to produce heavier compounds, ideal for refinery specificationReaction formula:10(2n+1) H2 + nCO -> CnH2n+2 + nH2O
  • 11. 50kg/hr Test Plant11In addition to sewage sludge, the company has gassified over 75 types of coal, a dozen different plastics, rubber, rail road ties, municipal solid waste, medical waste and biomass (rice straw, grass, wood chips, soy bean shells, switch grass), chicken manure, cow dung, etc.Test burn of synthesis gasBurner / GasifierFischer Tropsch UnitSynthetic Diesel
  • 12. Sewage Sludge-to-Diesel Pilot Plant12Human sludge plant in Los Angeles (Carson), demo plant @ 100 kg/hourHas run 24 hours/day almost continuously since January, 2009Avoids $70/ton transport charge to San DiegoReduces volume by 92%, lose 1.8%, remaining residue (carbon/phosphorus) makes good fertilizerGive back surplus waterCurrently planning for 60 ton/hour plant for 3.5 million population of Long Beach and surrounding area
  • 13. 1,500 L/day modular plant132 pyrolysis units @ 遜 ton/ hr capacity
  • 19. 3 towers if sulphur content is over 1%
  • 20. 1 reforming step hydrogen production
  • 22. 2 PSA (Pressure swing adsorption) units
  • 24. Enables plant operator to control gas ratio in F-T process
  • 25. 1 F-T reactor for liquid fuel production
  • 26. Final liquid upgrade and distillationSludge Plant @ ~150,000 L/dayOnce started the plant is Auto-Reforming.Output depends upon feedstock.For 150,000 litres/day: 370 tons of Plastic 540 tons of Coal (8,000 btu/lb Lignite) 700 tons of human sludge (@ 40% water) 750 tons of BiomassNote: plant can be configured for 75,000 L/day or 35,000 L/dayFootprint: 12,000 ft2 (1,115 m2 )14
  • 27. Sewage Plant CapacityPlant size depends upon size of legacy deposit and on-going population needs15Note: on a wet basis the figures above will be 5x larger
  • 28. Versatile FT systemNo water for sewage sludgeOther feed stocks require little water (1.5 litres water / litre diesel) Competing systems use up to 24 L water / L dieselHigh yield (~65% efficiency, best in class)Actual conversion depends energy content of the feedstockTesting with many dozen types of coal, waste, biomass and sewage sludge Sulphur content easily removedCoal illustrates that yield depends upon heat value of feedstockSewage sludge varies by diet, but is roughly 10,000 BTU/lb or 5,600 kcal/kg16
  • 29. Plant can be configured to produce just electricity, just fuel or a combinationFactors to considerGenerating electricity is less expensive, but power is very difficult to storeBetter overall conversion efficiency, though it also depends upon turbine efficiencyA range of fuels can be producedIn addition to diesel, the plant can produce gasoline, jet fuel and, if there is demand for it, then certain waxesOutput: Power vs Fuel17
  • 30. Sewage to Power Economics18Note: Capex depends turbine cost (ranges $0.7-1.3m/MW); returns also depend upon sales price of power ($/kWhr).
  • 31. Sewage to Fuel Economics19Note: Returns depend upon sales price of fuel ($/L).
  • 32. SummaryWET-EIG offers best in class technologyHas set strict California emissions standards four timesSmaller scale and modularMajor supplier Sasol/Lurgi plants start at 6,000-10,000 tons per day with capital cost of $750-$1,000 millionWET-EIGs technology ranges from 24-600 tons per day @ $6-60 millionFeedstock determines yieldsHigh calorific, low moisture, low ash feedstock produce more dieselConversion efficiencies of ~65% feedstock calories to diesel20
  • 33. For More Information Contact Fred Sayle or Nigel Harperfred@wetinternational.net nigel.harper@energyinvestgroup.com 21